1994 COMPILATION OF ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MINOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN SEVENTEEN GSJ GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLES, "IGNEOUS ROCK SERIES"   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

Noboru IMAI  Shigeru TERASHIMA  Shiro ITOH  Atsushi ANDO 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1995,19(2):135-213

Analytical data for minor and trace elements published or communicated to us, on seventeen GSJ (Geological Survey of Japan) reference samples, "Igneous rock series" received up to April 1994 are compiled. The data were evaluated statistically in consideration of analytical methods. Based on the selected available data, 1994 recommended and proposed values for 65 minor and trace elements are presented.  相似文献   

Groundwater monitoring for earthquake prediction by an amateur network in Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yasue Oki  Shiro Hiraga 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,126(2-4):211-240

Since 1976 groundwater-levels and the temperature of thermal water have been monitored in 100 wells distributed mostly in the southern Kanto and Tokai districts of Japan in order to predict earthquakes. Good examples of groundwater precursors were recognized prior to the following destructive earthquakes: the 1978 West Off Izu-Oshima Earthquake (M 7.0), the 1978 Off Miyagi Earthquakes (M 7.4), and the 1980 East Off Izu Peninsula Earthquake (M 6.7). In the 1978 West Off Izu-Oshima Earthquake, groundwater levels and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) volume strainmeters, installed in the Izu peninsula, showed precursory changes at about the same time. In the other cases, however, precursory behavior was observed only in water level and temperature monitoring. Empirical relations are given between earthquake magnitude and the epicentral distance of the farthest groundwater anomaly, and between earthquake magnitude and the precursor time of groundwater.  相似文献   

Formation of bipolar flow by the stellar wind embeded in molecular disk     

Shiro Sakashita  Hitoshi Hanami  Masayuki Umemura 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1985,111(2):213-223

The interaction of the isotropic stellar wind with the rotating isothermal cloud surrounding the young star is investigated. The density distribution of the cloud is taken as that for the equilibrium state of the rotating isothermal cloud modified by adding the rarefied interstellar gas in the polar region. The development of the shock envelope and the structure of the shell induced by the stellar wind are obtained. It is shown that the envelope of the shock front elongates and opens to the polar direction with half opening angle of about 20 degrees resulting the bipolar flow which is able to reproduce well the observed properties for the outflow in the bipolar sources.  相似文献   

Application of Nonlinear Constraints in a Three-Dimensional Variational Ocean Analysis     

Yosuke?FujiiEmail author  Shiro?Ishizaki  Masafumi?Kamachi 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(4):655-662

Two kinds of nonlinear constraints, not previously studied in oceanography, have been adopted with the Preconditioned Optimizing Utility for Large-dimensional analyses (POpULar) in a three-dimensional oceanic variational analysis in the equatorial Pacific. One is the constraint for the variational Quality Control (QC) procedure and the other is used to avoid density and temperature inversions. Estimation of the large heat content anomaly in the upper ocean related to El Nino and La Nina phenomena is improved with the variational QC. For example, it prevents unusual but correct observation data on the thermocline deepening in the 1997/98 El Nino from being ignored. As a result, it improves the temperature field estimation in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The constraint for avoiding inversions prevents the low salinity layer at the surface and the barrier layer in the eastern equatorial Pacific in the El Nino period from being destroyed by the convective adjustment procedure performed after minimizing the cost function. Incorporating nonlinear constraints in variational analyses is thus a strong candidate for increasing the accuracy of analysis.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Shiro Imawaki 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(1):1-1

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Estimating the sea surface dynamic topography from Geosat altimetry data     

Kaoru Ichikawa  Shiro Imawaki 《Journal of Oceanography》1996,52(1):43-68

Optimal interpolation method is applied to Geosat altimetry data both to remove orbit error and to separate temporal mean sea surface dynamic topography (SSDT) from temporal fluctuations around the mean. Loss of long-wavelength oceanic signals at orbit error reduction procedure is smaller in this method than that in conventional collinear methods, but the areal average height over the study domain is still removed as the orbit error. The fluctuation SSDT is quantitatively evaluated by sea level data from tide gauge stations at Japanese islands. The correlation coefficient of the two sea-level variations is 0.83 when the loss of the areal average is compensated by the seasonal variation of the areal average height determined from the climatological monthly-mean SSDT. In addition, the improvement of the geoid model by combined use of Seasat altimetry data and hydrographic data is validated through the estimated temporal mean SSDT. In a local area where hydrographic data contemporary with the Seasat mission exist, the geoid model has been significantly improved so that the absolute SSDT can be determined from combination of the altimetry data and geoid model; the absolute SSDT describes the onset event of a quasi-stationary large meander of the Kuroshio south of Japan very well. Outside this local area, however, errors of several tens of centimeters still remain in the improved geoid model.  相似文献   

Uptake of selenium and other oxyanionic elements in marine ferromanganese concretions of different origins     

Noburu Takematsu  Yoshio Sato  Shiro Okabe  Akira Usui 《Marine Chemistry》1990,31(1-3)

The concentration of selenium in marine ferromanganese concretions varies between 0.02 and 1.2 mg kg⁻¹, with an average of 0.6 mg kg⁻¹. This is about two orders of magnitude lower than previously reported. In contrast to minor cationic elements, the concentrations of selenium are relatively uniform between ferromanganese concretions of different origins, except for hydrothermal crusts. It shows the same trends of element enrichment as other oxyanionic elements. The incorporation of selenium into ferromanganese concretions is attributed to adsorption of selenate on iron and manganese oxides.  相似文献   

Challenges of hydrological analysis for water resource development in semi-arid mountainous regions: case study in Iran     

Shiro Hishinuma  Kuniyoshi Takeuchi  Jun Magome 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(9):1718-1737

Abstract

This study modified the BTOPMC (Block-wise TOPMODEL with the Muskingum-Cunge routing method) distributed hydrological model to make it applicable to semi-arid regions by introducing an adjustment coefficient for infiltration capacity of the soil surface, and then applied it to two catchments above the dams in the Karun River basin, located in semi-arid mountain ranges in Iran. The application results indicated that the introduced modification improved the model performance for simulating flood peaks generated by infiltration excess overland runoff at a daily time scale. The modified BTOPMC was found to fulfil the need to reproduce important signatures of basin hydrology for water resource development, such as annual runoff, seasonal runoff, low flows and flood flows. However, it was also very clear that effective model use was significantly constrained by the scarcity of ground-gauged precipitation data. Considerable efforts to improve the precipitation data acquisition should precede water resource development planning.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis  相似文献   

Effects of large-scale wind on the Kuroshio path south of Japan in a 60-year historical OGCM simulation     

Hiroyuki Tsujino  Shiro Nishikawa  Kei Sakamoto  Norihisa Usui  Hideyuki Nakano  Goro Yamanaka 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(9-10):2287-2318

The effects of large-scale wind forcing on the bimodality of the Kuroshio path south of Japan, the large meander (LM) and non-large meander (NLM), were studied by using a historical simulation (1948–2007) with a high-resolution Ocean general circulation models (OGCM). The Kuroshio in this simulation spent much time in the NLM state, and reproduced several aspects of its long-term path variability for the first time in historical OGCM simulation, presumably because the eddy kinetic energy was kept at a moderate level. By using the simulated fields, the relationships between wind forcing (or Kuroshio transport) and path variation proposed by past studies were tested, and specific roles of eddies in those variations were investigated. The long-term variation of the simulated net Kuroshio transport south of Japan was largely explained by the linear baroclinic Rossby wave adjustment to wind forcing. In the simulated LM events, a triggering meander originated from the interaction of a wind-induced positive sea surface height (SSH) anomaly with the upstream Kuroshio and was enlarged by cyclonic eddies from the recirculation gyre. The cyclonic eddy of the trigger meander was followed by a sizable anticyclonic eddy on the upstream side. Subsequently, a weak (strong) Kuroshio favored the LM (NLM). The LM tended to be maintained when the Kuroshio transport off southern Japan was small, and increasing Kuroshio transport promoted decay of an existing LM. The supply of disturbances from upstream, which is related to the wind-induced SSH variability at low latitudes, contributed to the maintenance of an existing LM.  相似文献   

Community structure of culturable bacteria on surface of Gulkana Glacier, Alaska     

Takahiro Segawa  Yoshitaka Yoshimura  Kenichi Watanabe  Hiroshi Kanda  Shiro Kohshima 《Polar Science》2011,5(1):41

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